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APPENDIX C TO ADDENDUM TO APPLICATION BY MUTUAL AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA, INC. 5-23-11
Appendix C sets forth the (i) how the project will foster efficient and competitive operations and quality; (ii) foster effective employee skills; and (iii) the quantitative analysis and the identification and justification for the methodologies. (i) The project will foster efficient and competitive operations and quality For many years the majority of medium sized wooden ships built by commercial shipyards were Navy minesweepers and pleasure yachts. During the past 40 years the choice of materials has included fiberglass and other geofibers and resin. Slowly, the wood craftsmanship of the shipwrights has been lost as the older generation has died and have not been replaced by apprentices. Steel fabrication has been the choice, especially for sea-going ships and those plying the Great Lakes. Standards of design, craftsmanship and choice of materials favored steel since shipbuilding was subsidized. Despite such subsidies, steel ships were broken up an Bangladesh and scrap shipped to China and other Asian countries for melting, rolling and use in steel shipbuilding at much lower cost than in the U.S. and Europe. Moreover fuel was cheap and Asian ship owners had no difficulty in recruiting low cost ships' crews. Fuel is no longer cheap. Crews continually press for better wages. The cost of steel has risen sharply. The cost of steel fabrication has greatly increased. These costs are found in all aspects of the marine industry. Even aluminum has had a resurgence – that is until the cost of generating electricity hit all time highs during the 20th and into the 21st century. Lastly, the carbon footprint of steel, both in its making and in its use, is huge. There is little retreat in the offing for the costs and environmental consequences of the use of steel for shipbuilding. The specific gravity of most hardwoods is about 0.65 to 0.97. Black Locust is at the higher end of this scale. Bamboo's SG is about 0.73. Steel's SG is 7.7. Inland waters offer a different environment for shipping. With more placid waters, ships do not encounter the forces found in the open sea. Well designed ships using quality woods selected for their strength and longevity, can replace steel, and perform well at lower capital and operational costs. The second tier shipyards and the ship repairing segment of the industry has also suffered in recent decades; however, its decline has not been as drastic. The second tier shipyards, comprised of small and medium size facilities, were able to keep much of their mainly commercial market share. These shipyards build vessels used on the inland and coastal waterways which by law must be built in the U.S. http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications
/assistance/sectors/notebooks/shipblsnp1.pdf Wooden ships and the navies have combined histories going back since the time of Noah and the Ark. The quality of wooden shipbuilding is at a point which makes its use eminently reasonable, safe, and economical. The science, engineering and methods of building with wood has its own compendium: WOOD: A MANUAL FOR ITS USE AS A SHIPBUILDING MATERIAL
VOLUMES 1 THROUGH IV
Department of the Navy, Bureau of Ships
with the cooperation of
Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture
http://www.dngoodchild.com/0296.htm
(See also Mechanical Properties of Wood by Samuel J. Record.)
A veritable encyclopaedia of wood and its use in ships and boats; we are pleased to be able to offer this title in reprint as a result of a number of requests from wooden boat builders and designers. All four volumes of the original manual are complete and combined into one volume.
From the Preface:
During World War II and the Korean action, more than 40,000 wooden ships, boats, and landing craft were added to the Fleet. A continuing program of improvement in wood laminating, extreme service adhesives, and development of wood preservatives for protection against marine borers has been largely responsible for the satisfactory performance of these craft. During the past five years, many additional wooden ships and boats have been put into service, incorporating the most recent knowledge of wood as an engineering material. Because of these many new developments in marine uses of wood, a need has arisen for a comprehensive, up-to-date collection of information based on recent investigations and tests. This new publication, Wood: A Manual for Its Use as a Shipbuilding Material, has, therefore, been prepared and should prove most useful to shipyards, naval architects, Supervisors of Shipbuilding, Inspectors of Naval Materials, and officers and men concerned with all phases of wooden boat design, construction, or maintenance.
Tables of Contents for Each Volume.
VOLUME I
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION; Purpose and Scope, Nomenclature
Chapter 2. BASIC INFORMATION ON WOOD SPECIES; General, Structure and Growth, Bark, Wood, and Pith, CellularStructurE, Annual rings, Springwood and Summerwood, Sapwood and Heartwood, Hardwoods and Softwoods, Distinguishing Between White and Red Oak, Characteristics of Wood Species, General, Hardwoods, Softwoods, Defects and Blemishes, General, Knots, Cross Grain, Compression Wood, Tension Wood, Checks, Splits, and Shakes, Compression Failures, Pitch Streaks, Pitch Pockets, Buns, Pith Flecks, Bark Pockets, Indented Rings, Stains and Decay, Insect Damage, References,
Chapter 3. FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF WOOD IN BOATS AND SHIPS; General, Live and Dead Trees, Winter Cutting Versus Summer Cutting, Turpentining, Weight of Wood, General, Specific Gravity, General, Specific Gravity and Strength, Moisture Content, General, Moisture Content and Strength, Moisture Content Determination, Shrinkage and Swelling, General, Resistance of Wood to Natural Hazards, Decay, Marine Bores, Weathering, Fire and Heat, Chemicals, Conditions Conducive to Decay, Factors Affecting Decay in Hulls, Ventilation, What Lumber ls, Plywood, Definition, Unit of Measurement, Advantages, Kinds of Plywood, Glued Laminated Wood, Modified Wood, Impreg, Compreg, Staypak, Acetylated Wood, Papreg, References
Chapter 4. GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO WOOD
VOLUME II
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. SEASONING AND STORING OF LUMBER AND PLYWOOD FOR SHIP AND BOAT PARTS. SEASONING LUMBER; General, Air Seasoning, Site, Layout, Foundations, Piling, Stickers, Board Spacing, Flues, Chimneys, Roofs and Sheds, End Coatings, Kiln Drying, Dry Kilns, Types of Kilns, Piling of Lumber, Drying Schedules, Control of Checking with Chemicals, Seasoning Defects, Surface Checks, End Checks, Splits, Warp, Honeycomb, Casehardening, Collapse, HANDLING PRACTICES FOR LUMBER; General, Handling Loose Lumber, Handling Packaged Lumber, STORING LUMBER AND PLYW0OD; General, Green Lumber, Water Storage, Piling, Coatings, Hygroscopic Chemicals, Seasoned Lumber, General, Air-Seasoned Lumber, Kiln-dried Lumber, Storing and Handling Plywood, Manufacturing Conditions, REFERENCES
CHAPTER II.WOOD-TREATING PROCESSES FOR PROTECTION AND SERVICE; GENERAL, PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT OF WOOD; Preservative Chemicals, Preservatives Borne in Oils, Coal-tar Creosote, Creosote Solutions, Pentachiorophenol Solutions and Copper Naphthenate Solutions, Water-Repellent Preservatives, Waterborne Preservatives, Zinc Chloride Preservatives, Wolman Salts (Tanalith), Acid Copper Chromate (Celcure, Ammoniacal Copper Arsenite (Chemonite), Chromated Copper Arsenate (Greensalt or Erdalith), Chromated Zinc Arsenate (Boliden Salt), Methods of Applying Preservatives, Preparing Timber for Preservative Treatment, Conditioning Green Timber for Pressure Treatment, Pressure Process, Nonpressure Treatments, Treating Specifications, Pressure Treatment of Laminated Members, Pressure Treatment of Plywood, Requirements for Wood Preservative Treatment in Wood Hull Ships, Effect of Treatment on Strength, Effects of Preservation and Treatment on Glue Joints, Inspection of Treated Wood, Handling and Seasoning after Treatment, MARINE BORERS; Protection of Wood from Marine Borers, SHIP BARNACLES; WEATHERING OF WOOD; FIRE RESISTANCE OF WOOD; Fire-retardant Coatings, Fire-retardant Impregnations
CHAPTER III STORAGE AND REPAIR OF WOOD BOATS AND SHIPS; GENERAL, STORAGE HAZARDS, Fire and Theft, Mechanical Damage, Weathering, Drying Damage, Corrosion, Decay, Insects, Rodents, STORAGE LOCATION; STORAGE OF BOATS; Standards for Storage of Boats, Stowage, Open Storage, Storage Shelters, Single-Unit Shelters, Multi-Unit Shelters, CARE OF INACTIVE SHIPS; HULL REPAIRS; General, Types of Hull Damage, Repair Materials, Fabrication of Repair Parts, Preparing Hulls for Repair, Inspection, Initial Inspection, Prefinal Inspection,Inspection for Acceptance, Minor Repairs, Superficial Damage, Soft Patches, Butt-block Patches, Lumber Planking Repair, Minor Frame Repairs, Splices for Long Members, Major Repairs, Planking Repairs, Repair of Strip Planking, Repair of Plywood Planking, Decking Repairs, Repair of Lumber Decking, Repair of Plywood Decking, Repairs to Structural Framework, Repair of Long Straight Members, Repair of Bent Frames, Overhaul Repairs.
VOLUME III
Chapter 1.Basic Strength of Wood, General,
Chapter 2.Effect of Moisture Content and Temperature on Strength of Wood, Effect of Moisture Content on Strength, Effect of Temperature on Strength, Immediate Effect, Permanent Effect,
Chapter 3.Influence of Defects and Other Factors on Strength of Wood, General, General Definition of Strength Ratio, Influence of Defects on Lumber, Cross Grain, Knots, Effect of Knots on Bending Strength, Simply Supported Beam, Large Cross Section, Members of Square Cross Section Used as Joists, Planks or Beams, Members of Small Cross Section, Continuous Beams, Effect of Knots on Compression Strength Parallel to Grain, Knot Clusters, Shakes and Checks, Effect on Strength of Beams, Posts and Columns, Other Considerations, Holes, Compression Wood, Compression Failures, Minor Defects, Decay, Effect of Defects and Other Factors on Strength of Glued Wood Laminates, General, Cross Grain, Knots, End Joints, Curvature of Laminations, Vertically Laminated Beams, Effect of Defects and Other Factors on Strength of Plywood, References
Chapter 4.Requirements for Wood Used in Ships and Boats; General, Woods Used in Ship and Boat Construction, Hardwoods, White Oak, Teak Mahogany (American or True Mahogany) (Swietenia spp), African Mahogany (Khaya spp.) Philippine Mahogany (Shorea species and Dark Red Lauan), Softwoods, Douglas-fir and Southern Yellow Pine, Alaska Yellow-Cedar, Atlantic White-Cedar, Baldcypress, Northern White-Cedar, Western Redcedar, Port-Orford Cedar, and Redwood, Sitka Spruce, White Pines, Ponderosa Pine, Western Hemlock, and Noble Fir, Stress Grading of Solid Lumber for Ship and Boat Application, Commercially Stress-Rated Lumber, Length Considerations, Use As a Continuous Span, Cross Sectional Dimensions, Use of Commercial Grades of Nonstress-Rated Lumber, Special Boat Building Lumber, Stress Grading of Laminations for Use in Glued Wood, Laminates for Ship and Boat Application, Plywood for Ship and Boat Use, Plywood for Navy Use, Preservative-Treated Plywood, Fire-Retardant-Treated Plywood, Commercial Plywood Grades, Overlaid Plywood, Metal-Faced Plywoods, Curved Plywood, Molded Plywood, Boat and Ship Hull Specificatloas, Essential Specification Requirements, Sample Specification Statements
Chapter 5.Basic Data for Ship and Boat Design With Wood; General, Moisture Content of Wood in Relationship to its Durability, Design with Solid Wood, Design Stresses Based on Commercially Stress-Rated Lumber, Grade Modifications to Make Commercially Stress-Rated Lumber Applicable to Ship and Boat Use, General Considerations, Shake and Split, Seasoning Checks, Decay, Grading of Simple Span Beams, Grading of Continuous Beams, Seasoning Checks, Cross Grain and Knots, Modification of Design Stresses for Solid Wood, Modification for Duration of Load, Modification for Seasoning Effects, Modification for Decay, Modification for Preservative Treatment, Modification for Temperature, Modification for Other Conditions, Beam Formulas, Solid Beams of Rectangular Cross Section, Extreme Fiber Stress, Depth Factor, Horizontal Shear in Beams, Compression Across the Grain,, Deflection of Beams, Lateral~ Support of Beams, Notched Beams, Built-Up Beams With Mechanical Fastenings, Solid Beams of Circular Section, Column Formulas, Rectangular Solid Wood Columns, Length Classes, Side Loads and Eccentricity, Columns with Side Brackets, Built-Up Columns with Mechanical Fastenings, Design of Rectangular Sections, Spaced Columns, Columns of Circular Cross Section, Combined Loading Formulas, Design With Glued Wood Laminates, Design Stresses, Scarf Joints, Columns of Different Classes, Modification to Design Stresses, Modifications for Moderately Curved Members, Modifications for Severely Curved Members, Modifications Due to Radial Stresses, Examples of Tests on Solid and Laminated Boat Members, Design of Wood-Plywood Beams and Girders, General,
Limiting Considerations, Design, References
Chapter 6.Joints and Fastenings for Ship and Boat Construction, General, Mechanical Fastenings, Bolts, Bearing Strength of Wood Under Bolts, Allowable
Bolt Loads Parallel to Grain, Allowable Bolt Loads Perpendicular to Grain, Effect of Quality of Bolt on Joint Strength, Details of Design with Bolts, Drift Bolts, Timber-Connector Joints, Working Loads for Connector Joints, Tables of Safe Working Loads, Modification of Working Loads, Wind Loads, Impact Forces, Factor of Safety, Special Design Considerations, Exposure and Moisture Condition of Wood, Quality of Lumber, Loads at Angle with Grain, Thickness of Member, Width of Member, End Distance and Spacing Placement of Multiple Connectors, Cross Bolts, Net Section, Wood Screws, Withdrawal Resistance of Wood Screws, Lateral Resistance of Wood Screws, Lag Screws, Withdrawal Resistance of Lag Screws, Lateral Resistance of Lag Screws, Nails and Spikes, Withdrawal Resistance of Nails, Factors That Affect Withdrawal Resiatance of Nails, Surface Conditions, Surface-Coated Nails, Surface-Roughened Nails, Form of Shank, Nail Composition, Clinched Nails, Nails in Plywood, Lateral Resistance of Nails, Spikes, Glued Joints, General, Joints Between Pieces with Grain Parallel, Joints Between Wood and Plywood, Joints Between Pieces
with Grain at Angle, References,
VOLUME IV
Introduction,
CHAPTER 1. BENDING AND MACHINING OF WOOD AND PLYWOOD, General, Bending of Wood, Selection of Stock, Seasoning of Stock, Preparation of Bending Stock, Softening the Wood, The Bending Operation, Radius of Curvature, Fixing the Bent Shape, Bending of Plywood, Radius of Curvature, Compound Curvature, Molding Plywood, Bag Method, Equipment, Molds, Bags or Blankets, Glues, Machining of Wood, General, Woodworking Tools and Machinery, Bandsaws, Circular Saws, Jig Saws, Jointers, Surfacers, Shapers, Sanders, Routers, Boring Machines
CHAPTER 2. GLUING AND LAMINATING, Gluing, General, Types of Adhesives for Bonding Wood, Resorcinol-Forznaldehyde Resin Glues, Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives, Prerequisites for Good Glue Joints, Gluing Characteristics of Wood, Gluing of Preservative-Treated Wood, Moisture Content of Wood for Gluing, Machining Wood for Gluing, Storage of Resorcinol Glues, Mixing and Applying Glue., Working Life of Mixed Glue, Spreading of Glue, Assembly Time in Gluing, Gluing Pressure, Curing of Glues, Final Conditioning, Glue-Joint Quality Test, Laminating, General, Materials for Laminating, Segregation for Grain, Moisture Content of Lumber for Marine Laminating, Preliminary Surfacing, Steps in Preparing Laminates, Edge Joints, End Joints, Final Surfacing, Thickness of Laminations, Gluing Laminated Members, Curing Laminated Members, Curing of Glue by High-Frequency Heating, Rate of Heating in Large Laminated Assemblies, Humidification of Curing Chambers, Handling and Surfacing Laminated Members, Plant Requirements for Laminating, Plant Space, Storage Buildings, Laminating Equipment, Straight-line Ripsaw, Rough Planer, Trimsaws, Scarfing Equipment, 1 Scarf Cutter, 2 Clamps, 3 Equipment for Curing Scarfs, Cabinet Surfacer, Shaping Equipment, Additional Equipment, Laminating Jigs, Clamps for Laminate Assembly, Curing Chambers, Torque Wrenches, Laminating Room 3 Handling Apparatus, Maintenance Equipment, Test Equipment, Drying Oven, Weighing Apparatus, Moisture Meter, Potentiometer and Thermocouples, Chemical Kit., Compressometer, Block Shear Testing Apparatus, Small Bandsaw, Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment, Edge-Joining Equipment, Equipment for Preparing Surfaces, Clamps for Edge Joining, Curing Chamber, Calibration of Various Equipment, Clamps, Torque Wfenches, Compressometer, Temperature and Humidity Instruments, Weighing Mechanisms, Moisture Meters, Block Shear Testing Apparatus
CHAPTER 3. FABRICATION OF WOOD BOATS AND SHIPS, General, Lofting Operations, Mold Lofts, Patterns, Molds, Templates, Building Ways,
Ways for Large Ships, Keel Posts and Jigs for Small Boats, Staging, Scaffolding, Shoring, Joints and Fastenings, Nailed Joints, Screwed Joints, Bolted Joints, Connector Joints, Glued Assembly Joints, Shaping and Assembly, General, Keels, Skegs, Frames, Sawn Frames for Round-Bottom Vessels, Sawn Frames for V-Bottom Vessels, Bent Frames for Round-Bottom Vessels, Bent Frames f or V-Bottom Boats, Laminated Frames, Assembly of Frames in the Hull, Stems, Sternposts, Transoms, Keelsons, Clamps, Chines, Other Longitudinals, Deck Beams, Carlings, Shaftiogs, Rudder Blocks, Knees, Breasthooks, Riders, Pointers, Bulkheads, Hull Planking, Ceiling, Sheathing, Guards or Fenders, Decks and Decking, Calking, Ratproofing, Rudders, Masts and Spars, Superstructure, Joinery, Plywood Parts, Preservative Treatment During Assembly, General, Critical Points for Decay in Ships, Preservative Treatment, Painting and Finishing, General, Materials for Finishing Wood Boats and Ships, Lacquers, Oil Paints, Varnishes (Oleoresinous Products), Antifouling Paints, Fire-Retardant Paints, Preparation of Wood Surfaces for Painting, Seam Compounds, Wood Fillers, Methods of Applying Paints, Spraying, Brushing, General Directions for Applying Finishes.
HOME PAGE: http://www.dngoodchild.com/ (ii) The project will foster employee skills. CCC will engage in these skill building activities from the beginning of the project:
/assistance/sectors/notebooks/shipblsnp1.pdf Wooden ships and the navies have combined histories going back since the time of Noah and the Ark. The quality of wooden shipbuilding is at a point which makes its use eminently reasonable, safe, and economical. The science, engineering and methods of building with wood has its own compendium: WOOD: A MANUAL FOR ITS USE AS A SHIPBUILDING MATERIAL
VOLUMES 1 THROUGH IV
Department of the Navy, Bureau of Ships
with the cooperation of
Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture
http://www.dngoodchild.com/0296.htm
(See also Mechanical Properties of Wood by Samuel J. Record.)
A veritable encyclopaedia of wood and its use in ships and boats; we are pleased to be able to offer this title in reprint as a result of a number of requests from wooden boat builders and designers. All four volumes of the original manual are complete and combined into one volume.
From the Preface:
During World War II and the Korean action, more than 40,000 wooden ships, boats, and landing craft were added to the Fleet. A continuing program of improvement in wood laminating, extreme service adhesives, and development of wood preservatives for protection against marine borers has been largely responsible for the satisfactory performance of these craft. During the past five years, many additional wooden ships and boats have been put into service, incorporating the most recent knowledge of wood as an engineering material. Because of these many new developments in marine uses of wood, a need has arisen for a comprehensive, up-to-date collection of information based on recent investigations and tests. This new publication, Wood: A Manual for Its Use as a Shipbuilding Material, has, therefore, been prepared and should prove most useful to shipyards, naval architects, Supervisors of Shipbuilding, Inspectors of Naval Materials, and officers and men concerned with all phases of wooden boat design, construction, or maintenance.
Tables of Contents for Each Volume.
VOLUME I
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION; Purpose and Scope, Nomenclature
Chapter 2. BASIC INFORMATION ON WOOD SPECIES; General, Structure and Growth, Bark, Wood, and Pith, CellularStructurE, Annual rings, Springwood and Summerwood, Sapwood and Heartwood, Hardwoods and Softwoods, Distinguishing Between White and Red Oak, Characteristics of Wood Species, General, Hardwoods, Softwoods, Defects and Blemishes, General, Knots, Cross Grain, Compression Wood, Tension Wood, Checks, Splits, and Shakes, Compression Failures, Pitch Streaks, Pitch Pockets, Buns, Pith Flecks, Bark Pockets, Indented Rings, Stains and Decay, Insect Damage, References,
Chapter 3. FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF WOOD IN BOATS AND SHIPS; General, Live and Dead Trees, Winter Cutting Versus Summer Cutting, Turpentining, Weight of Wood, General, Specific Gravity, General, Specific Gravity and Strength, Moisture Content, General, Moisture Content and Strength, Moisture Content Determination, Shrinkage and Swelling, General, Resistance of Wood to Natural Hazards, Decay, Marine Bores, Weathering, Fire and Heat, Chemicals, Conditions Conducive to Decay, Factors Affecting Decay in Hulls, Ventilation, What Lumber ls, Plywood, Definition, Unit of Measurement, Advantages, Kinds of Plywood, Glued Laminated Wood, Modified Wood, Impreg, Compreg, Staypak, Acetylated Wood, Papreg, References
Chapter 4. GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO WOOD
VOLUME II
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. SEASONING AND STORING OF LUMBER AND PLYWOOD FOR SHIP AND BOAT PARTS. SEASONING LUMBER; General, Air Seasoning, Site, Layout, Foundations, Piling, Stickers, Board Spacing, Flues, Chimneys, Roofs and Sheds, End Coatings, Kiln Drying, Dry Kilns, Types of Kilns, Piling of Lumber, Drying Schedules, Control of Checking with Chemicals, Seasoning Defects, Surface Checks, End Checks, Splits, Warp, Honeycomb, Casehardening, Collapse, HANDLING PRACTICES FOR LUMBER; General, Handling Loose Lumber, Handling Packaged Lumber, STORING LUMBER AND PLYW0OD; General, Green Lumber, Water Storage, Piling, Coatings, Hygroscopic Chemicals, Seasoned Lumber, General, Air-Seasoned Lumber, Kiln-dried Lumber, Storing and Handling Plywood, Manufacturing Conditions, REFERENCES
CHAPTER II.WOOD-TREATING PROCESSES FOR PROTECTION AND SERVICE; GENERAL, PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT OF WOOD; Preservative Chemicals, Preservatives Borne in Oils, Coal-tar Creosote, Creosote Solutions, Pentachiorophenol Solutions and Copper Naphthenate Solutions, Water-Repellent Preservatives, Waterborne Preservatives, Zinc Chloride Preservatives, Wolman Salts (Tanalith), Acid Copper Chromate (Celcure, Ammoniacal Copper Arsenite (Chemonite), Chromated Copper Arsenate (Greensalt or Erdalith), Chromated Zinc Arsenate (Boliden Salt), Methods of Applying Preservatives, Preparing Timber for Preservative Treatment, Conditioning Green Timber for Pressure Treatment, Pressure Process, Nonpressure Treatments, Treating Specifications, Pressure Treatment of Laminated Members, Pressure Treatment of Plywood, Requirements for Wood Preservative Treatment in Wood Hull Ships, Effect of Treatment on Strength, Effects of Preservation and Treatment on Glue Joints, Inspection of Treated Wood, Handling and Seasoning after Treatment, MARINE BORERS; Protection of Wood from Marine Borers, SHIP BARNACLES; WEATHERING OF WOOD; FIRE RESISTANCE OF WOOD; Fire-retardant Coatings, Fire-retardant Impregnations
CHAPTER III STORAGE AND REPAIR OF WOOD BOATS AND SHIPS; GENERAL, STORAGE HAZARDS, Fire and Theft, Mechanical Damage, Weathering, Drying Damage, Corrosion, Decay, Insects, Rodents, STORAGE LOCATION; STORAGE OF BOATS; Standards for Storage of Boats, Stowage, Open Storage, Storage Shelters, Single-Unit Shelters, Multi-Unit Shelters, CARE OF INACTIVE SHIPS; HULL REPAIRS; General, Types of Hull Damage, Repair Materials, Fabrication of Repair Parts, Preparing Hulls for Repair, Inspection, Initial Inspection, Prefinal Inspection,Inspection for Acceptance, Minor Repairs, Superficial Damage, Soft Patches, Butt-block Patches, Lumber Planking Repair, Minor Frame Repairs, Splices for Long Members, Major Repairs, Planking Repairs, Repair of Strip Planking, Repair of Plywood Planking, Decking Repairs, Repair of Lumber Decking, Repair of Plywood Decking, Repairs to Structural Framework, Repair of Long Straight Members, Repair of Bent Frames, Overhaul Repairs.
VOLUME III
Chapter 1.Basic Strength of Wood, General,
Chapter 2.Effect of Moisture Content and Temperature on Strength of Wood, Effect of Moisture Content on Strength, Effect of Temperature on Strength, Immediate Effect, Permanent Effect,
Chapter 3.Influence of Defects and Other Factors on Strength of Wood, General, General Definition of Strength Ratio, Influence of Defects on Lumber, Cross Grain, Knots, Effect of Knots on Bending Strength, Simply Supported Beam, Large Cross Section, Members of Square Cross Section Used as Joists, Planks or Beams, Members of Small Cross Section, Continuous Beams, Effect of Knots on Compression Strength Parallel to Grain, Knot Clusters, Shakes and Checks, Effect on Strength of Beams, Posts and Columns, Other Considerations, Holes, Compression Wood, Compression Failures, Minor Defects, Decay, Effect of Defects and Other Factors on Strength of Glued Wood Laminates, General, Cross Grain, Knots, End Joints, Curvature of Laminations, Vertically Laminated Beams, Effect of Defects and Other Factors on Strength of Plywood, References
Chapter 4.Requirements for Wood Used in Ships and Boats; General, Woods Used in Ship and Boat Construction, Hardwoods, White Oak, Teak Mahogany (American or True Mahogany) (Swietenia spp), African Mahogany (Khaya spp.) Philippine Mahogany (Shorea species and Dark Red Lauan), Softwoods, Douglas-fir and Southern Yellow Pine, Alaska Yellow-Cedar, Atlantic White-Cedar, Baldcypress, Northern White-Cedar, Western Redcedar, Port-Orford Cedar, and Redwood, Sitka Spruce, White Pines, Ponderosa Pine, Western Hemlock, and Noble Fir, Stress Grading of Solid Lumber for Ship and Boat Application, Commercially Stress-Rated Lumber, Length Considerations, Use As a Continuous Span, Cross Sectional Dimensions, Use of Commercial Grades of Nonstress-Rated Lumber, Special Boat Building Lumber, Stress Grading of Laminations for Use in Glued Wood, Laminates for Ship and Boat Application, Plywood for Ship and Boat Use, Plywood for Navy Use, Preservative-Treated Plywood, Fire-Retardant-Treated Plywood, Commercial Plywood Grades, Overlaid Plywood, Metal-Faced Plywoods, Curved Plywood, Molded Plywood, Boat and Ship Hull Specificatloas, Essential Specification Requirements, Sample Specification Statements
Chapter 5.Basic Data for Ship and Boat Design With Wood; General, Moisture Content of Wood in Relationship to its Durability, Design with Solid Wood, Design Stresses Based on Commercially Stress-Rated Lumber, Grade Modifications to Make Commercially Stress-Rated Lumber Applicable to Ship and Boat Use, General Considerations, Shake and Split, Seasoning Checks, Decay, Grading of Simple Span Beams, Grading of Continuous Beams, Seasoning Checks, Cross Grain and Knots, Modification of Design Stresses for Solid Wood, Modification for Duration of Load, Modification for Seasoning Effects, Modification for Decay, Modification for Preservative Treatment, Modification for Temperature, Modification for Other Conditions, Beam Formulas, Solid Beams of Rectangular Cross Section, Extreme Fiber Stress, Depth Factor, Horizontal Shear in Beams, Compression Across the Grain,, Deflection of Beams, Lateral~ Support of Beams, Notched Beams, Built-Up Beams With Mechanical Fastenings, Solid Beams of Circular Section, Column Formulas, Rectangular Solid Wood Columns, Length Classes, Side Loads and Eccentricity, Columns with Side Brackets, Built-Up Columns with Mechanical Fastenings, Design of Rectangular Sections, Spaced Columns, Columns of Circular Cross Section, Combined Loading Formulas, Design With Glued Wood Laminates, Design Stresses, Scarf Joints, Columns of Different Classes, Modification to Design Stresses, Modifications for Moderately Curved Members, Modifications for Severely Curved Members, Modifications Due to Radial Stresses, Examples of Tests on Solid and Laminated Boat Members, Design of Wood-Plywood Beams and Girders, General,
Limiting Considerations, Design, References
Chapter 6.Joints and Fastenings for Ship and Boat Construction, General, Mechanical Fastenings, Bolts, Bearing Strength of Wood Under Bolts, Allowable
Bolt Loads Parallel to Grain, Allowable Bolt Loads Perpendicular to Grain, Effect of Quality of Bolt on Joint Strength, Details of Design with Bolts, Drift Bolts, Timber-Connector Joints, Working Loads for Connector Joints, Tables of Safe Working Loads, Modification of Working Loads, Wind Loads, Impact Forces, Factor of Safety, Special Design Considerations, Exposure and Moisture Condition of Wood, Quality of Lumber, Loads at Angle with Grain, Thickness of Member, Width of Member, End Distance and Spacing Placement of Multiple Connectors, Cross Bolts, Net Section, Wood Screws, Withdrawal Resistance of Wood Screws, Lateral Resistance of Wood Screws, Lag Screws, Withdrawal Resistance of Lag Screws, Lateral Resistance of Lag Screws, Nails and Spikes, Withdrawal Resistance of Nails, Factors That Affect Withdrawal Resiatance of Nails, Surface Conditions, Surface-Coated Nails, Surface-Roughened Nails, Form of Shank, Nail Composition, Clinched Nails, Nails in Plywood, Lateral Resistance of Nails, Spikes, Glued Joints, General, Joints Between Pieces with Grain Parallel, Joints Between Wood and Plywood, Joints Between Pieces
with Grain at Angle, References,
VOLUME IV
Introduction,
CHAPTER 1. BENDING AND MACHINING OF WOOD AND PLYWOOD, General, Bending of Wood, Selection of Stock, Seasoning of Stock, Preparation of Bending Stock, Softening the Wood, The Bending Operation, Radius of Curvature, Fixing the Bent Shape, Bending of Plywood, Radius of Curvature, Compound Curvature, Molding Plywood, Bag Method, Equipment, Molds, Bags or Blankets, Glues, Machining of Wood, General, Woodworking Tools and Machinery, Bandsaws, Circular Saws, Jig Saws, Jointers, Surfacers, Shapers, Sanders, Routers, Boring Machines
CHAPTER 2. GLUING AND LAMINATING, Gluing, General, Types of Adhesives for Bonding Wood, Resorcinol-Forznaldehyde Resin Glues, Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives, Prerequisites for Good Glue Joints, Gluing Characteristics of Wood, Gluing of Preservative-Treated Wood, Moisture Content of Wood for Gluing, Machining Wood for Gluing, Storage of Resorcinol Glues, Mixing and Applying Glue., Working Life of Mixed Glue, Spreading of Glue, Assembly Time in Gluing, Gluing Pressure, Curing of Glues, Final Conditioning, Glue-Joint Quality Test, Laminating, General, Materials for Laminating, Segregation for Grain, Moisture Content of Lumber for Marine Laminating, Preliminary Surfacing, Steps in Preparing Laminates, Edge Joints, End Joints, Final Surfacing, Thickness of Laminations, Gluing Laminated Members, Curing Laminated Members, Curing of Glue by High-Frequency Heating, Rate of Heating in Large Laminated Assemblies, Humidification of Curing Chambers, Handling and Surfacing Laminated Members, Plant Requirements for Laminating, Plant Space, Storage Buildings, Laminating Equipment, Straight-line Ripsaw, Rough Planer, Trimsaws, Scarfing Equipment, 1 Scarf Cutter, 2 Clamps, 3 Equipment for Curing Scarfs, Cabinet Surfacer, Shaping Equipment, Additional Equipment, Laminating Jigs, Clamps for Laminate Assembly, Curing Chambers, Torque Wrenches, Laminating Room 3 Handling Apparatus, Maintenance Equipment, Test Equipment, Drying Oven, Weighing Apparatus, Moisture Meter, Potentiometer and Thermocouples, Chemical Kit., Compressometer, Block Shear Testing Apparatus, Small Bandsaw, Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment, Edge-Joining Equipment, Equipment for Preparing Surfaces, Clamps for Edge Joining, Curing Chamber, Calibration of Various Equipment, Clamps, Torque Wfenches, Compressometer, Temperature and Humidity Instruments, Weighing Mechanisms, Moisture Meters, Block Shear Testing Apparatus
CHAPTER 3. FABRICATION OF WOOD BOATS AND SHIPS, General, Lofting Operations, Mold Lofts, Patterns, Molds, Templates, Building Ways,
Ways for Large Ships, Keel Posts and Jigs for Small Boats, Staging, Scaffolding, Shoring, Joints and Fastenings, Nailed Joints, Screwed Joints, Bolted Joints, Connector Joints, Glued Assembly Joints, Shaping and Assembly, General, Keels, Skegs, Frames, Sawn Frames for Round-Bottom Vessels, Sawn Frames for V-Bottom Vessels, Bent Frames for Round-Bottom Vessels, Bent Frames f or V-Bottom Boats, Laminated Frames, Assembly of Frames in the Hull, Stems, Sternposts, Transoms, Keelsons, Clamps, Chines, Other Longitudinals, Deck Beams, Carlings, Shaftiogs, Rudder Blocks, Knees, Breasthooks, Riders, Pointers, Bulkheads, Hull Planking, Ceiling, Sheathing, Guards or Fenders, Decks and Decking, Calking, Ratproofing, Rudders, Masts and Spars, Superstructure, Joinery, Plywood Parts, Preservative Treatment During Assembly, General, Critical Points for Decay in Ships, Preservative Treatment, Painting and Finishing, General, Materials for Finishing Wood Boats and Ships, Lacquers, Oil Paints, Varnishes (Oleoresinous Products), Antifouling Paints, Fire-Retardant Paints, Preparation of Wood Surfaces for Painting, Seam Compounds, Wood Fillers, Methods of Applying Paints, Spraying, Brushing, General Directions for Applying Finishes.
HOME PAGE: http://www.dngoodchild.com/ (ii) The project will foster employee skills. CCC will engage in these skill building activities from the beginning of the project:
- Woodworkers: Recruit persons with woodworking skills such as lumber mill workers, loggers, finish carpenters, wood cabinet makers, wood sculpters, wood furniture makers, wood toy makers, painters and finishers of wood products, and persons simarily employed.
- Wood assembly workers: Recruit persions with experience in building wooden boats, camper shells, travel trailers, wooden decks, houses, barns, sheds, verandas, laminated beams, and persons simarily employed.
- Educators: Recruit persons who have taught wood shop and woodworking.
- Media materials: Make available a library of books, magazines, video DVDs and tapes about wood properties and wood construction.
- Classes: The first hour of every shift will be dedicated to lectures, demonstrations and hands-on practice of one facet of wood science, wood working and wooden shipbuilding. Another workshop will be on using the metric system of measurement. Another class will be on using precision measuring tools, such as digital dials, calipers, and laser levels and transits. Anothr class will be on tool use and tool use safety.
- Study groups: Create and facilitate small study groups among the workers to lean the arts and sciences about job-related tasks. A rotating subject among all study groups will be human occupational health and safety including studying OSHA regulations and best practices.
- Seminars: Each worker study group will conduct seminars during some of the one hour training periods of each shift. The worker study group will rotate and each seminar will be video taped and available for viewing as a podcast from the CCC website.
- Reading aloud: During selected first hours, have different workers read paragraphs from WOOD: A MANUAL FOR ITS USE AS A SHIPBUILDING MATERIAL, then invite questions and discuss the material covered.
- Online courses: Encourage workers to enroll and complete online courses in wooden shipbuilding and wood science and engineering.
- Demonstrations: Have worker-students perform a wood working operation or calculation with explanations as he or she performs the demo.
- Workshops: Assign to a "team" (circles of quality), a woodworking task, the fruits of which can be used in the production of parts such as a planning and building a wooden work bench, tool rack, parts cabinet or other similar item.
- Class project: Assign to a "class" a project such as building the office on the mezzenine or setting up shaper tables for the finger joint cutting operation. Each such project will need a Project Manager, Financial Manager, Material Manager, Purchasing Manager, Engineer, Draftsman, Quality Assurance Manager, Testing Manager and other managers. The person or team responsible for tasks will rotate several times while the project is being pursed so as to create multi-tasking talent among the workers.
- Creative awards: Monthly awards will be given to workers whose suggestions are vetted by all of the workers and voted for an award.
- that the budgeted time estimates are fair and reasonably predict the actual time likely to be used to complete a task,
- that the workers of each team were equally trained in performing the task,
- that the workers of each team were equaly motivated to perform the task,
- that the workers accurately recorded the time spent on the assigned task,
- that the value engineering team understands each element of the task and how the elements integrate into the results,
- that there were no extraneous event or circumstance which delayed performance, such as a broken tool or loss of power to the building, and
- that the outliers can be reasonably explained as not relevant to the performance given or the scope of the task, such as time spent resharpening a broken drill bit point.
- Methodologies: While employed as a staff attorney for Rohr Industries, Chula Vista, I became interested in the work my neighbor did for Rohr. His job was to estimate and then track the labor hours of all the workers employed in assembling ship-sets of jet engine nacelles in order to predict the learning curve and thus the pricing of future ship-sets. He explained that each past operation had a record on flip cards in trays which he could research and find out how long the same operation took on a variety of different prior nacelles as well as the nacelles in the current line of production. Thus he was able to predict the labor hours along the learning curve for a newly designed nacelle as to which Rohr had no experience building.
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